Reaction Paper on Management Ethics Essay

Management, when studied and applied has a broad spectrum. Not only do we have to consider the profit of an organization, but we also have to consider whether an organization and their production of goods lead to meeting the needs of the common good efficiently and effectively. Based on Peter Drucker’s Agency theory, â€Å"Management is the organ of institutions; one which converts a mob into an organization, and human efforts into performance. This basically speaks of the skills and competencies of the workers and their effectiveness and efficiency to give an output that meets the desired and quality accepted outcome. During our first meeting, we were asked which one between effectiveness and efficiency will we prioritize provided that circumstances come. Sure, both are significant in accomplishing a goal but in the event that we have to prioritize one, which one will be it? I remember answering efficiency because based on my experience as a nurse; we cannot achieve effectiveness without being efficient with a certain task. We were taught about being efficient in every nursing skill that we do because we are dealing with the lives of the people. In contrast to my nursing background, I further understood that in business, sometimes the priority is effectiveness because in an organization, meeting a deadline is sometimes synonymous to the credibility of the team. On the one hand, in defining skills, it is the application of knowledge to be able to do a job suitable for the goals and concepts one (specifically a manager) has created. To understand the three types of management skills that we’ve learned during the class discussion, which are technical skills, human skills and conceptual skills, it was presented in a pyramid wherein on top is the Top Management who acquires the conceptual skills, next is the Middle Management who acquires the people skills and at the bottom of the pyramid is the Supervisory Management who fundamentally has all the competencies for the technical skills. As I view this model, the top management is the one who comes up with a concept of a project and delegates it to his subordinates. There should always be a captain of the ship in order to move forward and meet the demands of the company. The captain should be able to acquire not only leadership skills but also the ability to plan, organize and come up with ideas that will guide his team in achieving their specific goals. His position does not mean he knows nothing about the technical skills, it just means that he is less required in the technical field; less entailed to do the technical skills because he needs to supervise the organization from his view on top. However, his workers or the people underneath him are in-charge of the technicality of getting the concepts done to provide sustainable and efficient goods and services. On the other hand, the differentiation of Mainstream and Multistream approach as discussed by Dyck in his Management book is a guide for all Managers in handling his organization including his production having the 4 M’s (Man, Machine, Material, and Method) to help him achieve his company’s goals. Basically, in Management, Multistream approach is the more ideal way to lead one’s organization as compared to the Mainstream approach. Multistream comprises the ethics of business that points out to the production of goods and service for the common good. Multistream approach, in relation to SMART goals, means it has to always be meaningful besides being profitable. The goal being significant should appeal to the interests of both the company and its stakeholders. Moreover, it should be decided as a team, giving a chance to everyone involved to participate in the decision-making. I think that a Multistream approach in Management makes a successful company because the Manager considers the entire company, even his manpower, in planning, organizing, leading and controlling the organization. He does not only think of the profit but also think of how it will benefit them and their customers as a whole. The gain of the company is also his gain in a holistic sense, giving meaning to the dignity of all the workers, and giving them credits and rewards for great jobs they accomplish. This particular approach concisely means putting the ethics of business at the center of the goals which are set to meet the standards of customers, stakeholders and the company itself. To add, the Law of the Situation according to Mary Parker Follett states that managers must continuously analyze the unique circumstances within their organizations and apply management concepts to fit those circumstances. A manager should be flexible to changes and adjustments for further improvements. Take for example a company who has had a meeting regarding a concept of a project wherein the team has participatively agreed on certain terms and conditions; and has provided their own inputs in order to achieve their goals. During the intervention of the plans, certain circumstances have occurred and problems have encountered; and maybe things may not be followed according to plan, a manager can still be consistent in such a way that he continuously uses the Multistream approach in accepting and reacting to changes with optimism and set new or additional goals in order to sustain the demands of the concepts. Some circumstances are unavoidable and are out of the team’s control so the best way to manipulate the condition is to improve and be critical in arriving with decisions based on the ethical values of business management. Moreover, despite the pressure of the circumstances involved, re-setting and adjustment of plans in a Multistream perspective will continuously benefit not only the manager himself but the company as whole. It will also drive everyone to succeed on the target profit because the approach made was systematically for everyone and not only for the personal gain of the manager. In relation to the ethical views of business management as perceived in the two short films, Catholic Social Teaching is a very instrumental guide in most corporations. According to Stefano Zamagni, even non-Christians and nonbelievers consult the Social Teachings of the Church. The social teaching involves human dignity wherein each and everyone is a living image of God, recognizing every individual as unique. There is also what we call rights, specifically human rights which are the universal rights. Furthermore, the social teachings involved in Radical Idealism vs. Socialism–union of principles to improve and not to favor—are the justice in the society, adherence to the common good (in which a manager cannot sacrifice the good of a community for the good of one person), solidiarity to the poor, and subsidiarity. The film also defined terms we normally use on a daily basis which we tend to neglect beyond its basic meaning. For example, it defined company as an economic endeavor to produce products in an efficient way. It is not a community of capitals but a community of people. It is also a community of work where people establish relationships and they are responsible for the work they are doing. Furthermore, it is an asset to everyone and not just to satisfy one person. To simply conclude, the principles that the Catholic is teaching are a guide to every business universally. The ethics of business always inspire the managers in decision making towards a good goal. This is also what conspires a company to be led to a Multistream perspective of management. Not only a company’s goal is to profit and receive recognitions and incentives but they also seek to provide its community the goods and services they need and they can enjoy. Companies owe the public a good service so to be able to meet the community’s expectations including that of the stakeholeders, they, in all aspects must abide to the principle of the Catholic Social Teachings and always take note of the rights of every human being has. This will guide the leaders to operate in such a way that it meets the standards of the Multistream approach and be able to help create a community of workers who are equally rewarded, achieving a common and unified goal, and establishing healthy relationships towards co-workers and towards the stakeholders, suppliers, and customers.

Calpurnia Character Analysis

Calpurnia enters into the story very early on in To Kill a Mockingbird, and is an integral part in the story. She works for the Finch family as their cook and mother figure. We get a very clear picture of Calpurnia in Chapter One. â€Å"She was all angles and bones. † This suggests the maybe she doesn’t have much money to buy food or that she is older. It also shows that she is older because â€Å"She had been with us ever since Jem was born, and I had felt her tyrannical presence for as long as I could remember. She doesn’t take any nonsense from the fact that â€Å"Our battles were epic and one-sided. † That Calpurnia had been with the Finches since Jem’s birth suggests that she is part of the family. Atticus trusts her to take care of the children when he is gone. â€Å"But there came a day when Atticus told us he’d wear us out if we made any noise in the yard and commissioned Calpurnia to serve in his absence if she heard a sound out of us. † He trusts her to discipline the children â€Å"Her hand was as wide as bed slat and twice as hard. When Scout questions Walter’s eating habits at the table in Chapter Three, Calpurnia is the one to discipline her. She says â€Å"‘That boy’s yo’ comp’ny and if he wants to eat up the table cloth you let him, you hear? ’† Atticus trusts her to take care of the children properly. Calpurnia is like a surrogate mother to the children. For example, when Scout refuses to gargle after chewing the Double-Mint gum, Jem threatens her with â€Å"you don’t ’n’ I’ll tell Calpurnia on you! † As gruff as may come off, she really does love the children. When Scout starts going to school, Calpurnia softens up. ‘â€Å"I missed you today. ’† She sets the boundaries for the children. â€Å"Our summertime boundaries (within calling distance of Calpurnia) were Mrs. Henry Lafayette Dubose’s house and the Radley place three doors to the south. † Calpurnia really treats the children as if they were her own. Calpurnia is more educated than most African-American people in Maycomb. She taught Scout to write. â€Å"She would set me a writing task by scrawling the alphabet firmly across the top a tablet, then copying out a chapter of Bible beneath. If Scout copied it up to her standards, she was rewarded. That she did this shows she knew more than most black people would know in Maycomb and it is yet another example of her mothering Scout. Calpurnia speaks as well as any other white person in Maycomb, except when she is mad. As shown when she disciplines Scout for the dinner incident with Walter. â€Å"She was furious, and when she was furious Calpurnia’s grammar became erratic. When in tranquility, her grammar was as good as anybody’s in Maycomb. Atticus said Calpurnia had more education than colored folks† Calpurnia tries to show Scout and Jem that there is no difference between white and African-American people. â€Å"For Calpurnia rarely commented on the ways of white people. † Calpurnia speaks like any other person in Maycomb to show the children she is equal to the white people in town. She has manners that are as good as anyone else in town. When Scout questions Walter’s eating habits, Calpurnia shows good manners in telling Scout to allow Walter carry on and be polite.

Jacksonian Democrats Essay

Jacksonian Democrats are often viewed as prompting political democracy, equal opportunity, and personal liberty. Based on your knowledge of the 1820s, to what extent do you agree with this view? When Jackson took office in 1829 he led, with pride, a new band of politicians. These politicians, the Jacksonian Democrats, had not been born into aristocracy, but instead, had worked and earned their own positions. Jacksonian Democrats are often viewed as prompting political democracy, equal opportunity, and personal liberty, while in fact, these seeds had already been planted in Americans, and the Jacksonian Democrats had only just come to power when they were in full bloom. These ideas actually originated during the 1820s as new states emerged and new state constitutions were written, thus expanding suffrage, opportunity, and hope. Between 1816 and 1821 six new states had been added to the union, five of which were to the west. In order for these new states to be able to distinguish themselves they needed people to populate them, therefore increasing their value. In order to encourage this necessary migration the new states wove new privileges into their constitutions, expanding suffrage and opportunities for the common white man. In these new constitutions there were no limits of property owning upon voting. Eastern states were then pressured to follow suit. They needed their residents to stay as much as the new states needed them to leave. Gradually they changed to allow for the same freedoms as the West, and most white men were given suffrage. Trodding hand in hand with suffrage was the right to hold office. Prior to 1820 only rich aristocrats, owning a considerable amount of land, were permitted to do so. Again, the new states introduced a new concept, this time that every voter has the ability to run for a political office. The older states were forced to debate these new issues and some were reluctant to change. In Massachusetts’ constitutional convention of 1820, Daniel Webster opposed the idea of lifting property requirements. The result of the convention was that all voters were made taxpayers and were allowed to hold office except for that of governor. That position still required considerable land owning. With these new privileges, there was a lot more  that the common white male could work towards, giving him new inspiration and confidence. As people slowly began taking advantage of their new privileges their views and ideas were compiled with the more traditional. In New York, two parties emerged when Martin Van Buren went against the governor and led a small faction to write a new constitution. Though they were suppressed, their point got across and a new message came from their struggle. It was realized that parties were not the evil establishments they had originally thought them to be. Parties would enable the government to become more democratic. Politicians, with the competition of opposing parties, would be always mindful of the wishes of the people. They would keep each other checked, just as the branches of federal government did. Jackson did not create these new forms of democracy. They had been set into motion ten years before he ran for office. He was credited with their effects, though, because it was not until the 1830s that these ideas really caught on and expanded. Though the bulk of the movements occurred while Jackson was president, he did very little to encourage them, because they needed little encouragement. The Americans, in their never-ending quest for freedom and democracy had stumbled upon these expansions all on their own. This had been the pattern prior to, and would prove to be the pattern henceforth of American society.

Home Burial by Robert Frost Essay

For anyone that has lost a loved one, the grief in often times unbearable. No matter what the cause of death, sadness engulfs all feelings and emotions. These feelings are further heightened when a couple loses their first child. Sometimes, the grief is just too much to take that the marriage or relationship falls apart. Grief and sadness are genuine and real emotions. People feel these in real-life situations. The poem, â€Å"Home Burial† by Robert Frost, highlights how death and the grief it causes ruins relationships. Tragedy creates barriers between people. Reader Response A reader of the poem would experience the grief and sadness in the poem. It talks about a family tragedy and grieving over the loss of a child. From my own reading, the poem gives description of the graves that further describe the theme and extends the ideas of what is happening. For example, the male character said: â€Å"The wonder is I didn’t see at once. I never noticed it from here before. I must be wonted to it – that’s the reason. The little graveyard where my people are! So small the window frames the whole of it. (Lines 21-24) But I understand: it is not the stones, But the child’s mound—† (lines 30-31) This demonstrates that the poem is depicting a sad event that had occurred and where it is mentioning the clear idea of a tragedy. I personally feel that this poem best describe a couple grieving over a loss of their only child which makes them confused as to how to just move on back to their normal life. But also with the struggle of having arguments between them, it is clear that they both have problems. Just looking at one another brings up the grief that they both cannot seem to express and this makes the poem seem even sadder to read. New Criticism – Plot The poem starts out with the narrator describing the two characters whose interaction becomes the center of the story. They speak of what they saw in the distance from a small window up above the second floor of the house. The story further continues with the two getting into a heated argument and despair over the loss of their child. An example of their argument is: â€Å"There you go sneering now!† â€Å"I’m not, I’m not! You make me angry. I’ll come down to you.   God, what a woman! And it’s come to this,   A man can’t speak of his own child that’s dead.† (Lines 72-75) As the woman attempts to leave the house, the tension between the characters heightens. The exchange of words is the climax of the plot. The denouement is reached as the woman finishes expressing her emotions. The end of the poem is signaled as the husband says: â€Å"There, you have said it all and you feel better. You won’t go now.   You’re crying.   Close the door. The heart’s gone out of it: why keep it up? Amy!   There’s someone coming down the road!† (Lines 112-115) The plot is very confrontational but also sad in a modern day view of a tragedy. It is very believable due to the realistic confrontation that is happening in the poem and how people usually react when they are in heated arguments between one another. New Criticism – Character As the characters in the poem interact, their personalities, feelings, and emotions are revealed. As the poem moves along, readers get to know each of the characters better. The poem has five characters a Man (unknown), Woman (Amy), Narrator, Child (Baby), and a Person who is unknown coming toward the house.   They all seem to be in a universal role of connecting to each other throughout the turns of events that’s occurring though each line of the poem. The characters are very realistic. The feelings they express and the manner by which they interact are common occurrences in real life. The realism is further revealed by the fact that the two main characters argue over something that is real, grief. In a way, their argument can be seen as a lovers’ quarrel. For example: He said twice over before he knew himself. â€Å"Can’t a man speak of his own child he’s lost?† Not you! — Oh, where’s my hat? Oh, I don’t need it! I must get out of here. I must get air.— I don’t know rightly whether any man can.† â€Å"Amy! Don’t go to someone else this time. Listen to me. I won’t come down the stairs.† (Lines 37-43) This demonstrates how the poem has a connection with a few characters of the poem and made the poem seem very believable in the understanding of a lover’s quarrel that is going on in the reading. In addition, the character’s speech and the tone that’s perceived from reading these lines make it feel like I am watching a live argument between a couple. This mainly shows that the reading and lines of these characters seem very believable in a notion of actually seeing this event occur in front of your very own understanding of the poem. New Criticism- Setting The realism of the poem is made more evident by the vividness of the setting. As one reads the poem, he would be able to create a picture of where the story takes place. Readers would get to see that the story is set in the late 1800’s to the early 1900’s in a two level house in the country side. There also seems to be a small graveyard that is around the back of the house which further explains that it is in the country side. The setting can be clearly pictured from the following lines of the poem: â€Å"He saw her from the bottom of the stairs Before she saw him. She was starting down† (lines 1-2). â€Å"The wonder is I didn’t see at once. I never noticed it from here before. I must be wonted to it – that’s the reason. The little graveyard where my people are! So small the window frames the whole of it† (lines 21-25). These lines demonstrate that the setting is in a two story house and that the character is describing a small graveyard that can only happen in a country side background and not in a city. This setting enhances the realism of the story because it has been described and has been given a clear idea of the current background where the event of this poem is happening. But also, the way the characters talk sounds like old English and that further proves the idea that this poem is talking about a setting in the early 1900’s.   So in a way, the poem has very clearly shown that the poem’s setting is happening in the past, and it is occurring in the country side. So in a way this has clearly shown that the setting is very believable in the description given in the poem. New Criticism- Universal Truth One of the few Universal Truth’s that I understand from the poem is that it grief and sadness can ruin relationships. When people, in this case couples, fail to express their emotions arguments arise. The lack of understanding and knowledge of what the other person needs causes tension which then leads to arguments. This is reasonable because in many relationships couples get into arguments to get to better understand the other persons needs and wants out of the relationship. For example, in the poem it, said: â€Å"Can’t a man speak of his own child he’s lost?† Not you!—Oh, where’s my hat? Oh, I don’t need it! (Lines 36-37) Amy! Don’t go to someone else this time. Listen to me. I won’t come down the stairs.† (Lines 40-41) â€Å"There something I should like to ask you, dear.† â€Å"You don’t know how to ask it.† â€Å"Help me, then.†(Lines 43-45) â€Å"There, you have said it all and you feel better. (Line 111) This demonstrates how the poems Universal Truth is trying to show the idea that a couple can get into an argument and also understand each other by talking it out with each other. In addition, it also shows how the idea of Universal Truth is trying to convey to people in real life who have the same or similar situations like in the poem can always work things out. The resolution, however, can only come about when the feelings and emotions of both individuals are fully expressed. But this is a believable idea of Universal Truth that every couple can work out their differences by telling each other how they feel and what they think. Gender- Feminism An important theme that the poem tackles is gender. The poem highlights certain issues that are present between men and women. From a feminist’s point of view, the poem is able to show that women have choices. Amy, the female character, has a choice to leave the man that she used to love. Amy has the freedom of choice and opportunity to leave her abusive relationship anytime. This is shown in the poem when the two are having a dispute: â€Å"You – oh, you think the talk is all I must go – Somewhere out of this house. How can I make you—†   Ã¢â‚¬Å"If—you—do!† She was opening the door wider. â€Å"Where do you mean to go? First tell me that. I’ll follow and bring you back by force. I will!—† (lines 116-120). This demonstrates the idea of Feminism when the character Amy wanted the choice to leave her sad and unhappy relationship. However, Amy also showed that she was in an abusive relationship that she is trying to run away from. But mainly Amy has shown that she will always have the opportunity to stand up for herself as an individual that has been oppressed by male dominance that is common in relationships. Gender- Masculinism Analyzing the poem from a masculinist perspective, it is evident that genuine concerns in relationships between men and women are shown. The male character is right for trying to talk to Amy about their problems as a couple. He tries his best to maintain his relationship as man who tries to understand Amy’s grieving over the loss of their child. For example, even when Amy did not want to talk about their lost of the child he said: â€Å"Can’t a man speak of his own child he’s lost?† â€Å"Not you! – Oh, where’s my hat? Oh, I don’t need it! I must get out of here. I must get air.— I don’t know rightly whether any man can.† â€Å"Amy! Don’t go to someone else this time. Listen to me. I won’t come down the stairs.†(Lines 38-43) â€Å"There’s something I should like to ask you, dear.† â€Å"You don’t know how to ask it.† â€Å"Help me, then.†(Lines 45-47) This demonstrates the man is trying his best to do what is right to fix his relationship and further repair the disillusion that he is a villain in this poem for wanting to bury in own child. Furthermore, the evidence in this is genuine because every man who tries to make things right in a relationship never really is given a chance to. In addition, why the man is right for what he does is because he is trying not to further upset Amy’s emotion over the lost of their child. But also as a man this is his civil duty is to fix any problems in his relationship between him and his woman Amy.

James Baldwin Essay

Has writing ever changed your life? Have you wondered about the author of the amazing work? James Baldwin was the author of books, plays, and essays that broke literary ground. His work explored social and racial issues regarding discrimination. James Arthur Baldwin was born in Harlem, New York in August 2, 1924 to Emma Berdis Jones and an unknown father. His stepfather was David Baldwin, a Baptist preacher and a factory worker. Baldwin grew up with an abusive father and a poor family with eight siblings. He wrote and edited the school magazine at his middle school, Frederic Douglass Junior High, at the age of 11. At the ages of 14 through 16, Baldwin was a Pentecostal preacher at Pentecostal Church, delivered by the difficulties of life, as well as his abusive stepfather, who was also a preacher. At the age of 15, a running buddy, Emile Capouya, recommended the young Baldwin to meet Beauford Delaney, an American modernist painter. Delaney became Baldwin’s mentor, living proof that African-American artists exist and that he could become one himself. You might be wondering what Baldwin achieved in young adulthood as he matured into the revolutionary writer he became. After attending high school, Baldwin started a string of ill paid jobs, self-study, but earned a literary apprenticeship in New York City. Around the age of 20, Baldwin moved to Greenwich Village, New York a popular home of African American artists and writers. While in New York, he befriended Richard Wright, a fellow African-American writer. At the age of 21, Baldwin landed a fellowship through Wright. He started to publish his first essays and short stories (ex: The Nation, Partisan Review, and Commentary). Three years later, at the age of 24, Baldwin moved to Paris on another fellowship. His personal life was lonely. He once loved Lucien Happersberg, a Swiss artist that he lived with while he stayed in Switzerland. He was single and had no children. His personal hobbies included writing and reading which lead to his writing career. He enjoyed writing poems, essays, short stories, and plays that were against discrimination. Baldwin was one of the leading voices in the civil rights movement. His work broke literary ground by influencing others. Maya Angelou called Baldwin her â€Å"friend and brother† and was greatly influenced by his work. He was especially well known for his essays on the black experience in America. He provided an unflinching look at the black experience in America through his work. Nobody Knows My Name, one of Baldwin’s touching books, hit the best-sellers list, selling more than a million copies. Early on December 1, 1987, Baldwin died of esophageal cancer in Saint-Paul-de-Venice, France. He was buried at the Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, near New York City. Baldwin was cheerful and active days before his death, hosting a Thanksgiving dinner. He had continued to write until his death at the age of 63. He had finished Cross of Redemption: Uncollected Writings, and had published The Price of the Ticket in 1985, just two years from his death. James Baldwin was an influential person. I learned that anyone can change things within and without your reach with determination. I was impressed that he was eager to change people’s perspectives of the world around them. The lesson that I learned from him was that one should do the right thing in bad situations. James Baldwin was a truly amazing person.

Palestinian and Israeli conflict Essay

Palestinian and Israeli conflict is the famous dispute between the Palestinians and the Israelis and it’s a dispute which is ongoing and a conflict which is explosive and continuing. It is one of the most sensitive and important issue discussed (Shah, 2000). The term has been used as a reference for the same conflicts earlier phrases and this conflict is usually very wide ranging. International actions have been forced in the conflict due to violence that had resulted from the dispute. Besides the international actions, human rights and security concerns are also prompted. This conflict has a great variety of thoughts and view in the societies and highlights the deep divisions of the Palestinians and the Israelis societies. The Israelis and the Palestinians have two different religions but this religion is not the reason for the conflict, its all about the land. Both groups knew the area as Palestine which they claimed. But after the 1948-49 war this land had been divided into three parts which were the West Bank, the state of Israel and the Gaza Strip. Issue There were many issues that had occurred between the Palestinians and Israelis. The West Bank and the Gaza strip had been occupied by the Israelis. The Israelis were asked by the Palestinians to withdraw the land but the Israelis instead started to expand its settlements throughout the processes of peace and continue to do so today as well. In order to regain the Palestine for the Palestinian Arabs they demanded a tow state in the Gaza and the West Bank. The Israelis on the other hand refused to create a state as they believed that it would result in a base for the terror groups but in the final negotiations the Israelis agreed to create the state with very limited control to the Palestinians over its resources and its borders. The refugee problem was another important issue in the conflict. There were about 726000 Palestinians who were forced to leave their homes in the war that had followed in 1948 (Gelvin, 2007). The Palestinian refugees were about 4 million. The refugees were in poor conditions in the camps of Gaza and the West Bank. There was a Palestinian demand for sending the refugees back to their homes in Israel. The Israelis whereas opposed to this as they felt that there would be a majority of the Arab Palestinians and this would end the Israel being a Jewish Israeli state. To the problem of the refugees mentioned above the answer of the Palestinians was of creating riots and destroy the Israelis by violence. By violence the Palestinians got hold of many of the areas of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. And most of the population was in hold of the Palestinians. For the answer to this again the Israelis took a step which was of the Israeli Repression. They limited the flow of the Palestinian workers to Israel to prevent any terrorist activities from happening and there were strict border checks of these workers. This greatly reduced the Palestinian standard of living. Those Palestinians who did come to work were humiliated or awaited for long hours at the check points. For any of the terror attacks at the checkpoints the Israelis starting firing at vehicles as a result of which many innocent civilians were put to death. The Israelis had launched the defensive Wall in the West bank operation and started reoccupying the territories in the West bank which were under the Palestinians. There were further checkpoints made by the IDF (Israel Defense forces) and any of the towns were for long time periods kept in curfew and the disrupting daily life, education and work. The IDF had killed about 3500 Palestinians and had destroyed the Palestinian houses. The problems that the Palestinians had to go through because of the Israelis were also due to the reason that the Israelis wanted to ensure their security. Causes The Israel Palestine conflict causes are too complex. The entire area was known as the Palestine before even the Israelis entered. The place was not called Palestine at the time of the Ottoman Empire but it had been divided into separate parts which were called ‘Vilayets’ which were further subdivided into even smaller units known as the ‘Sanjaks’. This Palestine term was just used by the Muslims, Jews and Christians to just describe their likeness for that region. The place was conquered by the Europeans. This region then was named the Palestine under the British Administration ad the people there were given identity cards labeling their nationality as the Palestinians. This was the time when the conflict arose between the Palestinians and the settlers of the Zionist who had been arriving from Russia and the Eastern Europe. The European settlers had a want to build a community of the Jewish people, though Israel wasn’t created then but only the want was enough to create a conflict between the European settlers and the Palestinian Arabs (Caplan, 2009). The land that was owned by the Palestinian Arabs was taken away from them and they were evicted by the new owners of that land, the land that was brought by the European from the European Zionist funds. This entire process gave rise to a conflict which had quite violent results. The time when Israel came into place during the years 1947 and 1948, many of the Palestinian residents were forced to leave their homes and were not allowed to return to their homelands. All these people became the Palestinian refugees and their troubles were the actual root to the conflict between the Israel and the Palestinian conflict. Solution The solution to this conflict which I can think of is for the Israel to become one state under the vote democratically and populated by both the Palestinians and the Israelis. There are three reasons for me to choose this solution. Firstly, the Palestinians want to live back in their homeland and if they do they would feel satisfied and would have a feeling of achieving what they always wanted. The Palestinians always thought of getting back their country and live in their homeland. If they live with the Israelis it would make them feel optimistic about their children’s future. Their goal has always been to return to their homeland so if they would succeed in achieving their goal then they would stop violence. The second reason is that of much less violence. As the Palestinians would be heard through the voting and them participating in the affairs of the government they would not create violence and blow off people to get heard. This would result in less fear and greater safety for the Israelis. Moreover, there would be no violence for retaliation from the Israeli terrorists. Lastly, the democratic government would be fair to both the groups as it would contain both the Israelis and the Palestinians. To the citizens all the leaders would be fair if they’re elected otherwise they won’t be re-elected. For the leaders both the groups would vote and if one leader favors just one group then the other group would not vote for him. The Palestinian and Israeli leaders would have to be fair and equal no matter whatever religion they’re following (Homie, 2007). Conclusion This conflict between the Israelis and Palestinians is a very sensitive issue and the solution which I think would work is that of Israel becoming a democratic state. I believe this is the best solution as it’ll provide both the groups with a homeland and also allow them to participate in the government of their own. This can be an effective step towards peace. References Shah A. (2000). Palestine and Israel Introduction. December 20, 2000. From www. globalissues. org Homie G. (2007). A Solution to the Israeli Palestine Conflict. May 6, 2007. From www. newsflavor. com Gelvin J. L. (2007). The Israel-Palestine conflict: one hundred years of war. Edition: New. Caplan N. (2009). The Israel-Palestine conflict: contested histories. Wiley-Blackwell Publishers.

Chemical Process Industries Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chemical Process Industries - Research Paper Example DDT short for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane is a pesticide categorized as an organochlorine insecticide. It is white in color, crystalline in form, tasteless and has no identifiable smell. It has a melting point between 108.5–109  °C, vapor pressure of 2.53 Ãâ€" 10-5 Pa at 20  °C. It is highly insoluble in water (about 1  µg/liter) and has Log octanol–water partition coefficient of 7.48 (IPCS, 1989). Figure 1 shows the structure of DDT compound. b. A brief description of the uses to which the product is put. If your product is not itself a product that consumers purchase directly, describe how your product is used to produce something that is directly purchased or used by consumers.   Technical DDT has so far been prepared in every conceivable form. These forms include xylene and petroleum distillate solutions, water-wettable powders, granules, smoke candles, aerosols, charges for vaporizers and lotions. c. A brief description of the usual raw materials used to produce the product, and where THEY are obtained from. Ideally, you will be able to trace the raw materials back to the biosphere: the earth, oceans, rivers and lakes, and the atmosphere.   Technical DDT is prepared by condensing chloral hydrate with chlorobenzene in concentrated sulfuric acid. In the year 1874, it was first synthesized, but its insecticidal properties were unknown till 1939 when Mà ¼ller and his coworkers found out about it (Metcalf, Kapoor and Hirwe, 1971). Chloral hydrate is a hallucinatory drug and a sedative; it is also used as a chemical reagent such as in the preparation of DDT. It is a compound of one molecule of water added to trichloroacetaldehyde and the chemical formula of C2H3Cl3O ­2. Trichloroacetaldehyde is also known as chloral and is formed by chlorination of ethanol. The key reaction is; The second ingredient in producing DDT is

WGST 400 Assignment 3 Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

WGST 400 Assignment 3 - Research Proposal Example The rise of women power was keenly observed in the society prior to the World War I. In Britain, Americas and Canada, growth of women in society happened owing to the changing society and the different waves of political and societal turmoil that threatened to economical stability. Feminism not only grew on the basis of women power, but also on the basis of support from the clergy. Experts commented that women who were being elected at presidential posts in the several societal bodies were making it there because of the backing of their present or deceased husbands. Critics also pointed out in many examples that women tend to be more emotional, violent and often devastating than men, when it comes to collective thinking and individual activity. While these arguments were backed by individual examples, none of them were found to be true for a collective movement of feminism which was always restrained and based on instinctive decision making of some o f the prominent members of the ed ucated women community. In Canada, several feminism waves have been seen in history. As always, it is believed that each of these waves arose as a response to the changes that the society was going through at that point of time. There have been serious pacifist feminism waves in Canada in 1890-1930. Other modern feminism waves seen in Canada belong to the 1960-1975 and 1990 to present eras. Needless to say, pacifism, which depicted peace loving feminism grew out of the oppression that men offered in society. Women realized that instead of acting supportive or resilient to the oppressive nature of men, it would be wise to keep themselves string through a movement that propagates the main goals of societal living as understood best by them. And this included peaceful co-existence and control, devoid of torture, oppression and poverty, something that was welcomed wholeheartedly in the nineteenth century. In Canada, the growth of feminism was in tandem with similar

Psychology of Gay and Lesbian Adolescents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psychology of Gay and Lesbian Adolescents - Essay Example "Homosexuality is the persistent sexual and emotional attraction to someone of the same sex. It is part of the range of sexual expression. Many gay and lesbian individuals first become aware of and experience their homosexual thoughts and feelings during childhood and adolescence" (Anderson and Adley, 1997, p.71). At the same time their parents begin to consider the adolescent to have mental disorder, as the traditional social stereotypes pose homosexuality as disease. In addition, Catholic Church prohibits 'sodomy' as one of the most dangerous deathly sins. The basic theory about gay and lesbian sexual identity was created by A.Kinsey during his work at Huckleberry House, an institution that provided homosexual youth with psychological support and care. The first phase of 'coming out' (Kinsey et al, 1953) process begins when the teenager realizes he/she is different from others. The second stage includes direct attraction to the individuals of the same gender, followed by guilt and the anticipation of ostracism from the side of 'decent public'. Furthermore, gay and lesbian adolescents might either deny themselves or begin to manifest their identity, with relative teenage maximalism.

The Use of Isotopes in Medicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Use of Isotopes in Medicine - Essay Example These are the radioactive and stable isotopes. Bodamer and Halliday (2001, p. 444) define radioactive isotopes as those whose nucleus is unstable. Because of this, radioactive isotopes have a tendency for spontaneous decomposition, a reaction which involves the release of radiation. During the decomposition of a radioactive isotope, a helium nucleus is released, a process which leads to the stabilization of the isotope. On the other hand, a stable isotope does not have a tendency for spontaneous decomposition and as a result, these isotopes resist various forms of chemical alterations. Radioactive have been used widely used in medicine as agents of diagnostic processes. This essay gives a critical analysis ad discussion of the various uses or applications of isotopes in the field of medicine. Many chemical elements contain isotopes. Radioisotopes are often products of artificial combination of protons and neutrons. Artificial production of radioisotopes often employs protons and neut rons which do not exist in nature (Ruth, 2009, p. 536). There are a total of 1800 radioisotopes including those which arise from the decay of thorium and uranium in their primordial states. There are a variety of ways in which radioisotopes can be produced or manufactured artificially. These include neutron activation which is the commonest way of producing radioisotopes. This is done within a nuclear reactor. In addition, some radioisotopes are produced within a cyclotron in which deficiency of neutrons within a nucleus is achieved through artificial introduction of protons (Bodamer and Halliday (2001, p. 445). The artificial manufacture of radioisotopes is aimed at meeting their application in medicine. The radioisotopes used in medicine are known as radiopharmaceuticals. The following section describes three major applications of radioisotopes in medicines with the justification on why specific radioisotopes are used in the management of various medical processes. The disadvantag es associate with the use of isotopes is also provided later in the essay. According to Ruth (2009, p. 537), isotopes are used in nuclear medicine to provide diagnostic information which is used by physicians to diagnose various medical conditions. This is achieved through the imaging of organs such as bones, thyroid gland, liver and heart to determine their functioning. Prvulovich and Bomanji (1998, p. 1140) demonstrates 90% of the application of isotopes in medicine if for diagnostic procedures. Technetium-99 is the most commonly used radioisotope for medical diagnosis. Ramamoorthy and Binukumar (2010, p. 46) say that technetium-99 is used widely as a radioactive tracer. This isotope is commonly used because it is detectable within the body through the use of specialized medical equipment such as gamma cameras. Technetium-99 is releases gamma rays and this explains why gamma cameras are able to detect it within the body. More importantly, technetium-99 is relatively safer in diagn osis as compared to other isotopes. This is due to the fact that it its physical and biological half-life is short. As a result, it decays within 24 hours of exposure to the body. This provides sufficient time for the quick detection of chemical equipment while it keeps the exposure of the patient to the radiation as low as possible (Bodamer and Halliday (2001, p. 446). This demonstrates why this isotope is commonly applied in medical diagnosis. Prvulovich and Bomanji (1998, p. 1143) explain that isotopes are also commonly used in therapy.

Consumer behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Consumer behaviour - Essay Example The recent and contemporary marketing concept brings into limelight the piece of information that with the fulfillment of the needs and wants of the target market or the customers, the organization is more likely to accomplish and achieve their goals and objectives. Furthermore, with the contentment of the customers in a more effective and persuasive manner than that of the competitors, the enterprise would get an edge over their competitors (Hoyer & Macinnis, pp. 16-20, 2009). One of the important elements of marketing that facilitates the organization in acquainting and understanding the buying patterns of the products and services of the customers. Many of the important questions that includes when, why, how and where people have a tendency to buy a particular product or service come under the analysis and examination in consumer behavior. Furthermore, the study of consumer behavior will assist the businesses and organizations not only to attract new customers, but will also support in retaining the old and current customers that will eventually lead the organization to survive and sustain in the distant future. (Silk &  Harvard Business School, pp. 47-53, 2006). In addition, the study of consumer behavior also helps and endeavors to comprehend and identify the factors on which the decisions of the customers depend and rely on made either on individual basis or in groups. Therefore, it is considerably an imperative and vital feature of marketing manage ment segment. According to the definition, consumer behavior is â€Å"The totality of consumers’ decision with respect to the acquisition, consumption, and disposition of goods, services, activities, experiences, people, and ideas by (human)decision-making units (over time)† (Hoyer &  Macinnis, pp.3, 2009) Data resulting from the demography such as age, gender, income, education, behavioral temperament are they key distinctive and distinguishing characteristics used in the research of consumer behavior. Moreover, how the families, friends, reference groups, culture, and community play a dominant and persuasive role are also the principal and prime attributes in the studies and evaluations of consumer behavior. As the study of the buying pattern of the customers is a multifaceted and complex process where numerous aspects influence and affects the pattern, therefore, huge amount of money and a lot of time comes under spending and consumption by the enterprises and the ir marketing departments (East &  Wright & Vanhuele, pp. 3-10, 2008). Thus, this practice comes under performance in order to identify and distinguish the causes of the decisions on which the consumers make their purchasing of a particular product or service. Interests, actions and behaviors, like and dislikes, perceptions, beliefs, and communication and dealing with

Debate on Rousseau's Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Debate on Rousseau's Statement - Essay Example One of the answers to Jean Jacques Rousseau’s thinking is elated to his ideology of how necessary freedom is to the lives of people. Jean Jacques Rousseau uses nature to explain how much freedom is valued in the field of politics. He talks about how physically the free man is, nit bound y any repressive state of other men. He also talks about how man is spiritually and psychologically free (Christopher, 18). Man is not forced to live with artificial needs. If anything, it is these artificial needs that have brought societal injustices such as exploitation, domination of the poor, depression and low self-esteem. Jean Jacques Rousseau believed that an effective government only comes into existence when its citizens are guaranteed freedom. Property and law are what constrain the freedom of people (Cladis, 22). Nature for Jean Jacques Rousseau was a focal point in determining the independence of an individual and the unity of many. According to Rousseau, the â€Å"state of nature† has been made impure in modern society due to creations of law, property and moral inequality (Cladis, 26). Rousseau acknowledges that mankind cannot return to the original state of nature that he was once born in. However, humanity can try to understand how essential the state of nature is so as to bring out more natural goodness (Christopher, 23). The state of nature is compared by Rousseau to modern society by the use of human need as an element of human life. The state of nature requires that man desires the basic necessities that ensure survival such as sleep, food and sex. However, modern society has constantly grown incorporation and division of labour (Christopher, 35). The result is an increase in the needs of men to include many unnecessary requirements such as entertainment, friends and luxury goods. Such needs may be gratifying and pleasurable but have had the effect of making men slaves to such superfluous needs (Cladis, 29).

Economic Theories of Adam Smith Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economic Theories of Adam Smith - Research Paper Example Economic Theories of Adam Smith This report will discuss different economic theories by Adam Smith, a Scottish philosopher. Adam Smith is the founder of a free-market capitalism. He is also the father of modern classical economics and a proponent of laissez faire economic policies. His arguments against mercantilism made him the father of modern economics. The Scottish philosopher spent many years teaching and publishing some of his lectures in the â€Å"Theory of Moral Sentiments† in 1759. The material gained ground and laid the foundation for the publication of â€Å"The Wealth of Nations† in 1776 which cemented Smith’s place in history. However, many critics note that in his time Smith did not ‘invent’ the ideas he wrote about. He only popularized the ideas that became known as classical economy. Using his work other economists solidified the theories of classical economy which became dominant during the time of great depression or the global economic crisis. The report will als o compare the current economic system with Smith’s and conclude whether he would agree with current policies of today if he was alive. Production Theory From the economists’ point of view, production simply means the creation of goods and services which consumers will buy. Companies are the units of production, and they convert input into output through a transformation process (Kurz & Salvadori, 1995). The theory of production then consists of how a company chooses and combines various inputs to produce an output at a given level in the most efficient manner. The assumption is that decision making is done with the view of maximizing profits. Production is all about creation of wealth which in turn adds to the society’s welfare. Resources are limited and must be efficiently utilized to create the maximum possible welfare. There are different inputs or resources of the society used in the production process. These inputs or resources are the factors of production . Adam Smith identified three factors of production which are land, labor and capital. In the economics the definition of land refers to all the natural resources which are used in production. The land notion includes farming and building land, forests, rivers, lakes, and mineral deposits. Therefore, land does not mean a piece of earth. Labor attributes to both mental and physical efforts used in the production of goods and services. Labor is distinct in that it is the services of labor that are bought and sold. Labor is also unique because it is the reason why economic activity takes place. The supply of labor is measured by the number of hours of work which is offered at a given wage rate over a given period of time (Kurz & Salvadori, 1995). Capital is a man-made input and can be classified as working or circulating capital referring to stocks of raw materials, partly finished goods, and finished goods held by producers. Alternatively, it can be classified as fixed capital which c onsists of all the equipment used in production. The aspect of specialization is important in the production process. It refers to the concentration of activity in those lines of production where the company or an individual has some natural or acquired advantage. Adam Smith drew attention to the importance of the labor division in his book â€Å"The Wealth of Nations†. He was fundamentally concerned with the division of labor of a particular industry

The Rise and Fall of the HP Way Case Study Essay

The Rise and Fall of the HP Way Case Study - Essay Example What was the HP Way? In the HP Alumni Association, Inc. (2012), it was revealed that the HP Way had five clearly stipulated corporate values to wit: â€Å"We have trust and respect for individuals. We focus on a high level of achievement and contribution. We conduct our business with uncompromising integrity. We achieve our common objectives through teamwork. We encourage flexibility and innovation† (HP Alumni Association, Inc. 2012). The date stipulate for these corporate values to be designed, instituted and implemented within the organization is in 1992. Accordingly, the HP corporate objectives designed as early as 1966 focused on seven explicit goals: (1) profit, (2) customers, (3) field of interest, (4) growth, (5) employees, (6) organization, and (7) citizenship (HP Alumni Association, Inc. 2012). ... Governance under Carly Fiorina Case facts revealed that Carly Fiorina was a former sales executive that was hired to shake up HP. She was reported to become HP’s Chairman and CEO in 1999, three years after the death of one of its founders, Dave Packard. It was specifically noted that she was hired from external sources and was instrumental in changing various corporate values that were identified to be an integral part of the HP Way. From among the tranformations attributed to Fiorina were: (1) mishandling of lay-offs; (2) valuing profits more than people; (3) creating a ‘cult of personality’; and (4) creating a culture of fear (Dong, 2002, p. 1). To expound on the aspect of laying-off employees, according to Jaime Ash, a retired engineer who stayed with HP for more than 28 years, the HP way that employees and management had been talking about focused on â€Å"co-workers (who) were reassigned to new jobs rather than fired; how the company for a time implemented a shortened work week for all employees so certain individuals would not lose their jobs† (Dong, 2002, p. 1). In sum, the differentiated practices under Fiorina’s helm and the HP Way are detailed below: Corporate Practice HP Way Fiorina’s Helm Firing/lay-offs Job reassignment Laid-off 6000 employees Corporate culture Trust, respect Distrust, fear Motivational program Motivated by hugs Motivated by fear Management practice To be part of the team; Distant and aloof; decentralized top-down approach Communication practice Open, sharing information Close, secret, discreet Mistakes that Led to HP’s Near Collapse From the information and assessment of the facts, one could

Fair park historic site Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fair park historic site - Essay Example The alteration of the facility from its initial appearance to the present day one was done in an effort to make it attractive during the six months long exposition. These buildings still exist to date, which serves as an art decoration of the complex. During the 1936 exposition, the complex attracted millions of visitors. The complex got its name after the initial owners, Fair Association, who lost the facility through fire and financial loss in 1904 (Walker, 168). After this loss, it was voted that the facility be maintained and protected against the real estate developers, eventually becoming the second public park in Dallas (Collins, 187). Having initially started on an 80-acre piece of land, the complex has been increased in size, due to its relevance to the current 227 acre size. Today, the facility attracts over and above seven million visitors every year.The administration of the park is under Dallas park department, which it obtained in 1988, after the complex was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1986 (Mark, 82). A lot of resources have been used to develop, maintain and renovate the facility since its establishment. However, in the light of its relevance in bringing in millions of visitors every year, the investment is worth it. ... on of the entrance gate to their look as at back 1936, the reconstruction of the monumental sculptures, renovations of the Hall of state and the Aquarium as well as the inclusion of a green space (Walker, 122). There is an additional construction of the Summer Place Park that is to be opened later this year (Collins, 156). This complex has influenced the nature of surrounding estates construction, with most of them being developed to match the aesthetic value of the complex. The buildings in this complex have emerged to be the busiest, with many annual and seasonal performances taking place here. The Fair Park site has become the most popular public spaces in the USA, with millions of visits every year (Walker, 118). The facilities in this complex, for example the Hall of State, were some of the most expensive building of its time in the whole of Texas. Its decor was an art work of international, regional and national artists. This has given it the most of all magnificent looks (Mark , 10). The facilities that the complex is a home to include; the Esplanade, Hall of state. Parry Avenue Entrance, the women’s museum, the D.A.R building, Museum of the American railroad and the Tower building. The annual festivity that takes place in this complex attracts millions of visitors (Walker, 118). These festivities include: The annual state fair of Texas lasting for 24 days, which is the largest state fair in the USA, by annual attendance since 1886 (Collins, 121). The fair hit a record six million plus in 1936, a historic attendance that is unique to this complex only as per those dates. The annual festivity runs from every last Friday of September each year to the third Sunday of October. The other annual festival is the North Irish festival, the largest of all Irish festivals

Article review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Review - Article Example Therefore, undercover economies are new fundamental principles that are used to explain the modern economy using familiar economic circumstances to explain unfamiliar economic circumstances. Tim Harford is the think tank behind this economic revolution. In his contributions, he revealed that the games of negotiations and signals, battles of wits, and contests of strengths as the driving powers behind undercover economic concept. Additionally, the undercover economic revelation can be applied in all levels of the economies including making a choice in an individual’s daily life (Chapin 01). Notably, the La Vie en Rose CEO never hesitated to try a new concept to his business. In opting trying this newly found concept, CEO Franà §ois Roberge note that in order to achieve in his new venture, he needed to apply the ideals principles of management theories. He was saying, â€Å"If you don’t try, there’s no evolution. My concept of retail is†¦ if you don’t move, you die† (Chapin 01). These concepts congregate organizational or business activities thereby bring workforce together with the aim of accomplishing business objectives and goal s using available resources. Roberge conciliated his management force towards the venture of newly found opportunity. However, Roberge needed deep understanding of the concepts of management theories to implement his idea towards enhancing his organizational or business productivity and service quality along the same line. Most of the management theories or concepts are used cumulatively in implementing strategies within a workplace. However, a workplace, workforce, and the purpose of the work often determine the combination of the management theories or concept combination. System theory, contingency theory, and chaos theory are the mostly known management theories. These theories are quite vital for Roberge since he needed to venture in different business market and deal with different

Legal Thought Module Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Legal Thought Module - Essay Example The problem however is that despite such inefficiencies, the construction of walls is still being witnessed and is increasingly becoming popular. These walls sit on the national boundaries but the things they are meant to cater for are decentralized, transnational and dispersed2. This explains why they have proved to be very inefficient when it comes to achieving their objectives. The ideology of globalization which is dominant in the world today advocates for a world without boundaries in order to give room for humanitarian interventionism, free markets, universal democracy and global governance. The continued construction of walls is however headed in the opposition direction but still hasn’t managed to deter the prosperity of globalization. This construction is only a simple of anachronism because the walls are unfashionable given the urge for cooperation and interdependence among states. In the current state of affairs where globalization reigns through disregarding the st ate boundaries, one wonders what is happening to sovereignty of nation states. State sovereignty is still existent as globalization hasn’t done away with it. In fact globalization cannot exist without the support of the states because it is reliant on states when it comes to matters like security and law enforcement. Bonnie Honig has also addressed this issue as she wonders whether democracy would still be existent in a world without countries, nations or citizenship3. This is a problem that is associated with globalization because solutions on how to deal with the problem of foreignness must be found for the ideology of globalization to be fruitful and... Globalization entails the increment in volume and velocity flow both within and across the borders. Ideas, people, goods, greenhouse gases, viruses, drugs, weapons, emails, dollars and good deals often traverse borders moving either way. They often challenge the fundamental principles of sovereignty like the ability to control what crosses the border in either direction. This explains why some nation states have taken to building walls and formulating strict immigration laws in order to check on these movements. Sovereign states often measure the intensity of their vulnerability through the forces that are beyond their control and there are many at that. With globalization, sovereignty is weakening and will continue to do so in order to have a safe haven that sovereignty can no longer guarantee in the current globalized world. It is no longer possible to build walls to keep away ideologies and people because this has already proven to be ineffective. Even keeping away foreigners and denying them some democratic rights will not yield the desired results. The way forward, therefore, is to adopt the new world order and come up with new ways of dealing with the current challenges. There is need to redefine the concept of sovereignty because nation states can no longer do things just for the sake of it even if they are harmful to the well being of the rest of us. For instance, when America realized that the Afghan Taliban government was supporting the Al-Qaeda, it reacted by removing it from power.

Biological principles Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Biological principles - Term Paper Example Simply put, all cells have basic molecular mechanisms to synthesize or absorb nutritional elements such as carbohydrates and proteins, are surrounded by a protective layer of membrane so as not to let foreign material invade them and comprise of a genetic structure that regulates their function and aids in proliferation (Gunning & Steer, 1996). Depending on the structure and functional differences, these cells can be classified into two types: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. The word ‘karyon’ means nucleus, therefore the word ‘prokaryotic’ means before nucleus- that is they do not have a nucleus, and ‘eukaryotic’ means comprising of a true nucleus. Prokaryotic organisms are always single cellular and mostly bacteria, as contrasted to the single or multicellular eukaryotes in the form of protists, fungi, plants and animals (Black, 2008). Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, although mostly different do have some similarities. Both of the types of cells comprise of a cell membrane, that limits the extent of the cells of both types (Black, 2008), by holding in cytoplasm and organelles. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are also similar due to the fact that they comprise of genetic material in their cells in the form of DNA (Black, 2008), which makes them capable of replicating, thus resulting in the proliferation of cells. Structurally, the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells can be divided into their genetic and reproductive structures, and extracellular and intracellular structures (Black, 2008). The genetic material in both the types of cells is similar, however eukaryotes comprise of a double-membrane bounded nucleus that the prokaryotes do not have (Perry etal., 2013). The difference also lies in the shape of the DNA, the prokaryotic DNA is circular in shape whereas the eukaryotic DNA is in the form of multiple strands of the DNA molecule wrapped around proteins and organized in the

CanGo Essay Example for Free

CanGo Essay Issue 1: No clear strategy for expansion CanGo has had its success, and now they are looking into the future. Their question is, â€Å"What’s going to help them grow?† and as Liz said, â€Å"Turn them into a mighty oak.† CanGo recognizes that branching out and delving into new territory will be profitable and its popular with investors since they’re thinking of going for an IPO. The possibilities of adding e-books, streaming audio and video is hip but they also recognize that the online gaming industry is on the cutting edge for growth. With all of the brainstorming ideas CanGo has they do recognize there’s a scarcity of resources such as capital and people. Recommendation: The management team at CanGo is full of ideas related to expanding its product line. Liz has mentioned the possibility of E-books, music and video, and Andrew suggests online gaming. Expansion is just one topic, as the company is considering offering IPO (initial public offering). The brass is contemplating major decisions without professional guidance. The employees will soon be asked to juggle more responsibilities, without the appropriate resources. CanGo should seek additional consultation specific to the objectives it wants to achieve. In addition, the company must consider the risk and where to allocate resources to be maximize profit. Furthermore, there will have to be some degree of advertising and marketing to generate interests. CanGo feels that the best way to handle new ventures is to use in-house employees. Pulling employees from jobs they are already doing will no doubt take away from quality. We recommend that Warren and Liz take into consideration the opportunity cost of expanding at this time. Will the benefits outweigh the cost of expanding. Issue 2: No capital for expansion CanGo must consider how to combine its limited resources to produce the best mix of goods and services. A cost-benefit analysis will help them measure the cost and the benefits correctly. They will need to think about two types of analysis (1) Marginal Analysis and (2) Cost-Benefit Analysis. Recommendation: Performing a marginal analysis will examine how the costs and benefits change in response to their incremental changes in actions. Any additional action that CanGo does will bring about additional cost so, type of analysis will determine if the expected benefits of their actions exceed the added cost. It was mentioned casually that the only source of capital as an IPO. This point was expounded upon by the poor sandwiches being provided. I don’t think Warren made the comment to be rude, but to illustrate the point that financial capitol is limited – especially in terms of expansion. CanGo is generating interest in its industry and community. The time is ripe to offer an initial public offering. CanGo needs professional guidance in analyzing what is value and assess the possibilities of an IPO. It may consider taking advantage of its success in Japan. CanGo’s IPO does not have to be confined to its locality; it has to start thinking international in scope. Its popularity in Japan alone may generate the capitol necessary to expand in product, personnel, and infrastructure.

Intro to Security Final Project Essay Example for Free

Intro to Security Final Project Essay Due in Week Nine: Write 3 to 4 paragraphs giving a bottom-line summary of the specific measureable goals and objectives of the security plan, which can be implemented to define optimal security architecture for the selected business scenario. The objective of the Security Policy is to provide the basis of a secure information system within the Bloom Design Group. This policy will protect the information system from threats that exist in nature as well as disasters that exist from humans. The policy will also give consideration to the privacy, reputation, intellectual property and productivity of Bloom Design Group. The efficient operation of this company is dependent on being able to access and use resources within the building and being able to remote access with security. Each employees responsibility must be considered and appropriate access will be given to ensure that information is shared only with those who have the authority to have it. This policy will ensure the adherence to the Bloom Design Group policies but also with any government regulations. By limiting the access to certain groups of users, the security policy will guard against misuse of data and information. All processes that are within the system will be aligned with the policy and executed automatically to ensure that the policy is effectively protecting the information and resources in a continuous manner. Any disruptions or security risks will be dealt with immediately and automatically by means of the system software that has been established and configured for these purposes. 3. Introduction Due in Week One: Give an overview of the company and the security goals to be achieved. 3. 1. Company overview As relates to your selected scenario, give a brief 100- to 200-word overview of the company. The Bloom Design Group is an interior design business that offers services to clients globally. There is a corporate office in New York and a secondary office located in Los Angeles. The group’s website allows clients a virtual decorating tool, where they are able to get an idea of the design and color scheme they would like to see and how it may look after the design is completed. This is a great tool to aid the client in making decisions, backed up by consultation by experienced interior designers as well. The designers are able to access their client files and style guides utilized by the company. The designers will also be able to process orders for materials and furniture when accessing the website. Access is gained by a secure login and password. The employees and designers of this company conduct most of their business remotely and access the network via a secure VPN. 3. 2. Security policy overview Of the different types of security policies—program-level, program-framework, issue-specific, and system-specific—briefly cover which type is appropriate to your selected business scenario and why. For The Bloom Design Group, a program-framework policy would be appropriate. The corporate office would set the security policy as it pertains to network usage. The program-framework policy would cover the WAN, the entire organization would be covered by it and all decisions related to how data is accessed by the workforce. This would require an acceptable use policy, which pertains to all areas of access including remote access, authorized data retrieval and retention, and connections within the WAN. 3. 3. Security policy goals As applies to your selected scenario, explain how the confidentiality, integrity, and availability principles of information security will be addressed by the information security policy. 3. 3. 1. Confidentiality Briefly explain how the policy will protect information. Using the program-framework policy will help in making it possible that only those with authorized access to the company’s data will be the ones doing so. VPN technology will be utilized for these individuals and devices only. These will continue their privileges as long as the policy is complied with. The VPN will be maintained so as to minimize risk of unauthorized access, keep user and data confidentiality as much as possible over the internet, ensure the reliability of the company’s system as well as those systems of the authorized users of the network. 3. 3. 2. Integrity Give a brief overview of how the policy will provide rules for authentication and verification. Include a description of formal methods and system transactions. The program-framework policy will maintain the data and keep it secure, reliable, and free from corruption. The policy will keep unauthorized users from gaining, retaining, modifying, or deleting data of the company by means of firewalls, encryptions, and anti-spyware or anti malware tools. The VPN will be secured with using a tool that provides encryption and user authentication. Intrusion detection tools will also help protect the VPN. 3. 3. 3. Availability Briefly describe how the policy will address system back-up and recovery, access control, and quality of service. The program framework policy will maintain that authorized individuals, users, and systems will have access to information in its original format and at all times. The IT department will keep the business continuity plan up to date and and secure it in such case that there is a need for it due to emergencies. The company will create a business impact analysis which will evaluate risks to the company’s data and systems will be ready to be used for recovery of data if needed. A disaster recovery plan will also be created with step by step implementation to ensure recovery and continuation of business operations in the event recovery is needed due to loss. A risk analysis will be created to further identify and take steps to secure the company’s data. Full cooperation from each department and the administration of the company is needed for these plans to be effective. Training will be conducted in order to ensure that all are compliant to the plan. (Merkow Breithaupt, 2006). 4. Disaster Recovery Plan Due in Week Three: For your selected scenario, describe the key elements of the Disaster Recovery Plan to be used in case of a disaster and the plan for testing the DRP. 4. 1. Risk Assessment 4. 1. 1. Critical business processes List the mission-critical business systems and services that must be protected by the DRP. The Bloom Design Group has the need of protecting their general support systems. These are the mission-critical systems and services to be concerned with. They are related to network connectivity, access to the internet and various resources through applications that will rest on the network that will aid in the daily productivity of the company. The following list of systems is includes the assets that must be protected by this plan.

Effects of Strikes Businesses

Effects of Strikes Businesses I. Introduction Boycotts and lockouts are two other anti-impasse weapons sometimes used by labour and management. An impasse occurs when the parties arent able to move further toward settlement. The principal weapons of offense employed by labor organizations in the warfare against employers are the strike and the boycott. According to the Dessler G. (2008), Strike is a withdrawal of labor. (p.619). A strike is defined as a temporary stoppage of work by a group of workers (not necessarily union members) to express a grievance or enforce a bargaining demand. Foster A. (2004). Strikes first became important during the industrial revolution, when mass labour became important in factories and mines.(Setiawan 2009) Responses to strike involve shutting down the factory, contracting work, continuing the operations, or changing the employees. Third party involvement namely, arbitration, fact-finding, or mediation- is one alternative. (Dessler G. 2008). Employer and employees have their own solutions to break this impasse. Employer can answer to the strikes by lockouts. A lockout is a refusal by the employer to provide opportunities to work. It sometimes locks out employees and prohibits them from doing their jobs (and getting paid). (Dessler G. 2008, p 621). Employees can organize a corporate campaign by making a boycott. Boycott -the combined refusal by employees and other interested parties to buy or use the employees products. (Dessler G. 2008, p 620). Firstly the term boycott appeared in the in Ireland in the 1800, because of the real person Charles Boycott, an Englishman who was responsible for supervision of land. His tenants asked him to lower their rents, he refused to do so, and turn out them, and after this the tenants organized a first boycott, denying him goods and services. His crops rotted in the fields because he had no farm workers, he stayed without any food, and found himself supersede from the community. After th is case this term word quickly spread to other languages and regions of the world as well. (What is boycott?) This paper will consists of the three parts: the first part is introduction, in the second part there will be presented examples of boycotts and lockouts, their analysis and recommendations as part of HR team, and the final part is conclusion, with references and bibliography at the end of the report. II. Labor Strikes and Lockouts Three main forms of boycott exist. The first one is consumer boycotts, in which customers are encouraged to stop purchasing from a targeted company. The second form of boycott occurs when businesses withhold their patronage from other businesses. Finally, the term boycott is sometimes used to describe an employee protest, known as labor strike. (Boycotts: Encyclopedia of Business). In this paper there will be discussed third type of the boycott- labor strike. 2.1 Supermarket employee strike in the Califirornia 2.1.1 Description of strike In 2003, California has the longest supermarket employee strike and lockout in Unite States history. That action led to a nearly five month long supermarket strike and lockout, and it didnt have such strike from 1978. This strike touched four biggest supermarkets in the California: Vons, Albertsons, Ralphs and Pavilion, which is owned by Safeway. These chains have more than 850 shops in all the state. More than 70,000 United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW) picketed outside their stores for almost five months. When this happened, Ralphs and Albertsons supermarkets locked out their workers without giving legal notice. Among demand of the employees were: reduction in employer contributions to the workers health insurance plan, as well as a two-tier wage structure under which new hires would be paid far less than their co-workers and obtain health and pension benefits. (Milkman R. (2004) 2.1.2 Claims of strikers Employees of these chains wanted an increase in salary and also they stroked against decreasing of medical and pensions grants. Management of these chains wanted to put biggest part on social obligations on workers, and to pay medical insurance by employees. Management of these shops referred to the depression in the economics of state and decreasing of the profit. Also one of the points in protest of employees was introducing to the corporate practice the emulative methods, like in the analogical chain Wal-Mart. Strikers made a condition to pay weekly medical insurance in amount of the 5 dollar for each employee and also pay weekly to the family members in amount of the 10 to 15 dollars and to increase a salary on 1.5 dollar to first year employees and on 45% to the rest of the employees. 2.1.3 Response to strike by employer Employer can answer to the strikes by lockouts as well as such steps as shutting down the factory, contracting work, continuing the operations, or changing the employees. (Dessler G. 2008). In this case when the union started to strike only the Safeway-owned stores, Kroger and Albertsons immediately announced they would lock their workers out. All three chains started to hire thousands of replacement workers well in advance of the strike deadline. They agreed to share any profits for the duration of the conflict (Milkman R. 2004) 2.1.4 Result of strike The 2003-year is remembered as huge strike and lockout in Americas history. Two parties came to an agreement, that union and supermarkets will force workers to pay part of the cost for health coverage, and to make any rose in the contract. After this strike chains and employees all had losses. Many workers went into heavy money owing while they were on the strike and some even stayed without houses. Employers introduced a two-tier system that provides dramatically inferior pay, health insurance and other benefits, under which those hired after the strike received significantly less in both wages and benefits than current workers. The chains suffered too, losing more than one billion dollars in sales, and form another side the ales of the competitors such as Wal-Mart increased by the 11 percent. Beyond the financial figures, many people say the strike has had a lasting effect on their shopping habits. Many shoppers say they stopped going to the big three markets and never went back. ( Effects of the Southern California grocery strike still felt, one year later) 2.2 Lockout at Bosch plant in India 2.2.1 Description of lockout The management of Bosch, the Indian subsidiary of Germanys Bosch Group and the manufacturer of automotive components, declared an indefinite lockout of all employees from the plant operations at its Jaipur plant on 12th of December. The Jaipur plant has 1,200 employees and manufactures pumps for use in tractors and commercial vehicles. The lockout decision was taken because of the continuing illegal and unlawful strike by the employees and which is prohibited by the government of Rajasthan. (Bosch announce lockout at Jaipur Unit. 2008). 2.2.2 Result of lockout The Bosch Group biggest international companies in the world and promotes the principles of fairness; justice and transparency of the group in all its locations around the world. The Bosch group also encourages cordial industrial relations at all its plants across the globe. In the case of Jaipur plant, the company tried all possible legal options to settle this problem but left with no option due to non-cooperation from the striking union members. Even after many conciliatory meetings, the union representatives showed reluctance to cooperate. The union members also resorted to violent means to prevent movement of vehicles to the plant and scuttle the production process. Hence, the company is forced to take decision to lockout. (Machinists-Lockout declared at Bosh Jaipur Plant -Labor Union continuous strike). The Mico Bosch Labour Union has been on an indefinite strike at the Jaipur plant since November 10 causing revenue loss to the company and the government. (Bosch announce lockou t at Jaipur unit. 2008). 2.4 Analysis and Recommendations In the place of HR Management, the first step that should be undertaken by the management is to improve the communication between the workers and their employers. If employees understand that their employers are really in trouble, then they will be less likely to mistrust their employers. But, if the grocery chains are still getting the substantial profits despite the competition, then it will be hard for them to give a good reason for cutting benefits. Professional negotiators can also help the parties reframe their understanding of the conflict, thus enabling them to pursue their mutual interests and possibly find a good solution. If this will not help, HR Management should as for a help a third sider- mediator, who could be a lawyer or a union leader. If mediation is unsuccessful, workers may have to take the conflict to the government. The only methods for getting the government interested in the conflict are through lobbying and a publicity campaign.. (Cate Malek 2005) III. Conclusion: Boycotts and lockouts are two other anti-impasse weapons sometimes used by labor and management. As it was already described, a strike and boycotts is organized work initiated by the employees for the purpose of enforcing their demands or a resisting demand of the employer. A lockout is a work initiated by the employees for the purpose of enforcing his wishes regarding relationship with employees or resisting their demand. It have seen in the examples shown above, that after the using the strike by the employees, management answered by a lockout tactics. However, as part of the management it should not be a supporters the strikes and lockouts, because it removes the source of profits and injures company. Firstly it makes serious harm to property of the company, the law breaking, and if there is an employees win in the strike, labor cost makes a serious item in the budget of employer. Thus, better to spend money on labor costs that spend more money during the strike or lockout and lose the customers. It is clear, that during this conflicts both sided are suffered and lose more than either side can hope to gain. However strikes have some obvious advantages to the public. First of all strike are resulted in raising the living standards of many people, because in the strikes labor usually insist on improving something, necessity of change is a good thing. From the employees point of view it increases wages, decrease working hours and makes better working conditions. References: 1. Dessler G.(2008), Human Recourse Management, Pearson International Edition, 11th Edition, Pp 619-621 2. Scott Nearing, Frank Dekker, , Watson, Carl Linn Seiler(1923). Economics, BiblioLife LLC, Web: 3. What is boycott? [Online], Accessed on: 11/11/2009. Verified on: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-boycott.htm 4. Boycotts: Encyclopedia of Business. [Online], Accessed on: 11/11/2009. Verified on: http://www.enotes.com/biz-encyclopedia/boycotts#historical-overview#historical-overview 5. Effects of the Southern California grocery strike still felt, one year later- KEGS.com Palm Spring. (2004), [Online], Accessed on: 11/11/2009. Verified on: http://www.kesq.com/Global/story.asp?S=2416131nav=9qrxRsYB 6. Foster A. (2004), Major Work Stoppages in 2003, Bureau of Labor Statistics. [Online], Accessed on: 11/11/2009. Verified on: http://www.bls.gov/opub/cwc/cb20041119ar01p1.htm 7. à Ã‚ ¤Ãƒ Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ Ã‚ ½Ãƒ Ã‚ °Ãƒ Ã‚ ½Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ Ã‚ ²Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ Ã‚ µ à Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ Ã‚ ·Ãƒ Ã‚ ²Ãƒ Ã‚ µÃƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ Ã‚ ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ : à Ã¢â‚¬Å"уà Ã‚ ±Ãƒ Ã‚ µÃƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ Ã‚ ½Ãƒ Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ Ã‚ ²Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾ à Ã‚ ¨Ãƒ Ã‚ ²Ãƒ Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ Ã‚ ½Ãƒ Ã‚ µÃƒ Ã‚ ³Ãƒ Ã‚ µÃƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ Ã‚ ° à Ã‚ ½Ãƒ Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ Ã‚ °Ãƒ Ã‚ »Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ãƒâ€˜Ã…’ Ñ  à Ã‚ ·Ãƒ Ã‚ °Ãƒ Ã‚ ±Ãƒ Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ Ã‚ ²Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ Ã‚ º.(2003), [Online], Accessed on: 10/11/2009. Verified on: http://www.finiz.ru/news/article661847 8. Lessons of the California Supermarket Strikes [Online], Accessed on: 10/12/2009. Verified on, http://www.lrp-cofi.org/PR/strikePR70.html 9. Milkman R. (2004), Supermarket Workers Union Falls in California, [Online], Accessed on: 10/12/2009. Verified on : http://www.reclaimdemocracy.org/articles_2004/supermarket_union_failure_california.html 10. Cate Malek (2005), Labor Conflicts: The case of Two Supermarkets Strikes, [Online], Accessed on: 10/12/2009. Verified on: http://www.beyondintractability.org/case_studies/Labor_Conflicts.jsp?nid=5103 11. Machinists-Lockout declared at Bosh Jaipur Plant -Labor Union continuous strike. (2008) [Online], Accessed on: 10/12/2009. Verified on: http://machinist.in/index.php?option=com_contenttask=viewid=1822Itemid=2 12. Bosch announce lockout at Jaipur unit. (2008). [Online], Accessed on: 10/12/2009. Verified on: http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=343017 13. D. Setiawan (2009), Advantages and Disadvantages of Strikes [Online], Accessed on: 10/12/2009. Verified on: Advantages and Disadvantages of  Strikes Bibliography: 14. Dessler G.(2008), Human Recourse Management, Pearson International Edition, 11th Edition, Pp 619-621 15. Scott Nearing, Frank Dekker, , Watson, Carl Linn Seiler(1923). Economics, BiblioLife LLC, Web: 16. What is boycott? [Online], Accessed on: 11/11/2009. Verified on: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-boycott.htm 17. Boycotts: Encyclopedia of Business. [Online], Accessed on: 11/11/2009. Verified on: http://www.enotes.com/biz-encyclopedia/boycotts#historical-overview#historical-overview 18. Effects of the Southern California grocery strike still felt, one year later- KEGS.com Palm Spring. (2004), [Online], Accessed on: 11/11/2009. Verified on: http://www.kesq.com/Global/story.asp?S=2416131nav=9qrxRsYB 19. Foster A. (2004), Major Work Stoppages in 2003, Bureau of Labor Statistics. [Online], Accessed on: 11/11/2009. Verified on: http://www.bls.gov/opub/cwc/cb20041119ar01p1.htm 20. à Ã‚ ¤Ãƒ Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ Ã‚ ½Ãƒ Ã‚ °Ãƒ Ã‚ ½Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ Ã‚ ²Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ Ã‚ µ à Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ Ã‚ ·Ãƒ Ã‚ ²Ãƒ Ã‚ µÃƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ Ã‚ ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ : à Ã¢â‚¬Å"уà Ã‚ ±Ãƒ Ã‚ µÃƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ Ã‚ ½Ãƒ Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ Ã‚ ²Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾ à Ã‚ ¨Ãƒ Ã‚ ²Ãƒ Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ Ã‚ ½Ãƒ Ã‚ µÃƒ Ã‚ ³Ãƒ Ã‚ µÃƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ Ã‚ ° à Ã‚ ½Ãƒ Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ Ã‚ °Ãƒ Ã‚ »Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ãƒâ€˜Ã…’ Ñ  à Ã‚ ·Ãƒ Ã‚ °Ãƒ Ã‚ ±Ãƒ Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ Ã‚ ²Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ Ã‚ º.(2003), [Online], Accessed on: 10/11/2009. Verified on: http://www.finiz.ru/news/article661847 21. Lessons of the California Supermarket Strikes [Online], Accessed on: 10/12/2009. Verified on, http://www.lrp-cofi.org/PR/strikePR70.html 22. Milkman R. (2004), Supermarket Workers Union Falls in California, [Online], Accessed on: 10/12/2009. Verified on : http://www.reclaimdemocracy.org/articles_2004/supermarket_union_failure_california.html 23. Cate Malek (2005), Labor Conflicts: The case of Two Supermarkets Strikes, [Online], Accessed on: 10/12/2009. Verified on: http://www.beyondintractability.org/case_studies/Labor_Conflicts.jsp?nid=5103 24. Machinists-Lockout declared at Bosh Jaipur Plant -Labor Union continuous strike. (2008) [Online], Accessed on: 10/12/2009. Verified on: http://machinist.in/index.php?option=com_contenttask=viewid=1822Itemid=2 25. Bosch announce lockout at Jaipur unit. (2008). [Online], Accessed on: 10/12/2009. Verified on: http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=343017 26. D. Setiawan (2009), Advantages and Disadvantages of Strikes [Online], Accessed on: 10/12/2009. Verified on: Advantages and Disadvantages of  Strikes

Development of SMEs in Malaysia

Development of SMEs in Malaysia The Global Enterprise Introduction Malaysia is a developing nation with a population of 30 million and currently classified in the upper middle income category. It is situated in the South East Asia Region and is part of the Association of South East Asian Nation; which also comprises of countries such as Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, as well as Thailand and Vietnam (ASEAN, 2014). Malaysia is a unique country as it is made up of a variety of races such as Malay, Chinese and Indian as well as indigenous races, making it an ethnically heterogeneous nation. This thus sets a very diverse and vibrant cultural backdrop in Malaysia. Important Benchmark in the Malaysian Economic Policy In their study of strengthening entrepreneurship in Malaysia, Ariff et al (2000) describes that during the British colonial rule of Malaya (pre-1957), the British implemented the practice of separating economic activity along racial boundaries. Malaya’s main economic drivers at the time were tin mining and production of rubber. In order to streamline operations of the industry, Indian and Chinese migrant workers were imported to work on the rubber plantations and in the tin mines respectively. The Chinese were allowed to run certain businesses; becoming shopkeepers, peddlers and petty traders in the towns. The Malays were mainly concentrated in the agricultural sector and were the only ethnic-group that was allowed into the bureaucracy. However, only members of the royal or upper-class families of the different states of Malaya were usually allowed into the administration, whereas the majority of Malays were limited to the low-income agricultural sector. This resulted in a ver y multi-layered society, segregated economically and racially with the majority of Malays (Bumiputras) at the bottom rung. To rectify the economic disparity that existed within the country, the representatives of the three major ethnic groups (Malay, Indian and Chinese) agreed that upon independence from colonial rule, the Malays would be given certain â€Å"special rights† in the fields of religion, economics and politics. The main reason for this â€Å"positive discrimination† was to elevate the status of the economically marginalized Malays, and therefore create a more equitable and balanced society. Under the New Economic Policy (NEP) established in 1970, these special rights received more comprehensive enunciation. This was a reaction to the growing discontent about the economic inequalities between the Malays and the other races who were still gaining economic ascendancy. The main objectives of the NEP were to reduce and eventually eradicate poverty, and to accelerate the process of restructuring Malaysian society to correct economic imbalance, so as to reduce and eventually eliminate the identification of race with economic function (Kuala Lumpur: Government Press, 1972) The NEP emphasised on increasing effective Bumiputra ownership and participation in the corporate sector, improving Bumiputra participation in high-income occupations, as well as narrowing income inequality and eradicating poverty. Within these larger policies, the subject of constructing a Bumiputra Commercial and Industrial Community (BCIC), which involves fostering Bumiputra entrepreneurs, professionals and creating a Bumiputra middle-class (Economic Planning Unit, 2001) is deeply prevalent. This has become the backbone of Malaysia’s strategy for strengthening national entrepreneurship, and all related policies and strategies have to take this into consideration. However non-Bumiputra entrepreneurs have not been completely neglected. The State of the Malaysian Economy (2013-2014) Malaysia has a medium-sized but rapidly growing economy. It is self-sufficient in important natural resources, including gas and oil, and has a conducive environment and climate for the production of various crops (oil palm being one of those). Her especially strategic location provides further advantages for the development of its international trade. As of 14 August 2014, Malaysia has posted a Gross Domestic product (GDP) of 6.4%, amounting to RM262.8 billion. This is a very encouraging sign for the national economy. This is a slightly marked improvement from the first quarter of 2014 which was 6.2%. In the fourth quarter of 2013, the nation posted a GDP of 5.1% (Department of Statistics, Malaysia, 2014). This can be seen in Chart 1. The construction sector was the main contributor to the GDP at 9.9%, followed by manufacturing (7.3%), agriculture (7.1%), private consumption (6.5%) and petroleum and mining (2.1%) according to The Star (2014) An additional point to note; the twin tragic disasters that befell Malaysia especially Malaysia Airlines this year (flights MH370 and MH17 respectively) have not significantly affected Malaysia’s bullish economic performance. However, Malaysia Airlines (MAS) have been experiencing heavy losses in the 2nd and 3rd quarters of the year (Malaysia Airlines, 2014) As an oil and gas exporter, Malaysia has profited from higher world energy prices, although the rising cost of domestic gasoline and diesel fuel, has forced the government to begin to address fiscal shortfalls, through initial reductions in energy and sugar subsidies and the announcement of the 2015 implementation of a 6% goods and services tax. The government is also trying to lessen its reliance on state oil producer PETRONAS. The oil and gas sector supplies about 32% of government revenue in 2013. Bank Negara Malaysia (central bank) maintains healthy foreign exchange reserves, and a well-developed regulatory regime has limited Malaysias exposure to riskier financial instruments and the global financial crisis. Nevertheless, Malaysia could be vulnerable to a fall in commodity prices or a general slowdown in global economic activity because exports are a major component of GDP. In order to attract increased investment, the Prime Minister of Malaysia Dato’ Sri Najib Razak earlier raised possible revisions to the special economic and social preferences accorded to ethnic Malays under the New Economic Policy of 1970, but retreated in 2013 after he encountered significant opposition from Malay nationalists and other assigned interests. In September 2013 Najib launched the new Bumiputra Economic Empowerment Program (BEEP), policies that favor and advance the economic condition of ethnic Malays, further strengthening the economic stature and power of the Bumiputras in the nation. Malaysia has a diversified and rapidly expanding manufacturing sector. Malaysia was able to join the worlds leaders in some fields although in many areas of manufacturing, it relies on imported technologies and foreign investments. In the 1990s, it became the worlds third-largest producer of integrated circuits and one of the leading producers of domestic appliances. Agriculture is still an important export earner. Malaysia is the worlds second largest producer of palm oil behind Indonesia, amounting to 39% of the world’s palm oil production (Malaysian Palm Oil Council, 2014). Malaysia has always been very open to foreign investment (FDI), especially for export-oriented manufactures, with relatively few restrictions and easy return of profits. This has prompted some of the worlds largest corporations, such as Dell and Microsoft of the United States, NEC and Mitsubishi of Japan, and others, to set up production branches in Malaysia. Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia Normah Mohd Aris (2007) says that: â€Å"The Malaysian economy is driven and influenced by many factors. Some of these factors include Small and medium enterprises (commonly referred to as SMEs) have been the backbone of economic growth of an economy in driving industrial development. Due to their sheer numbers, size and nature of operations, the role of SMEs in promoting domestic sources of growth and strengthening the infrastructure for accelerated economic expansion and development in Malaysia has been recognised. The interdependence of SMEs and large enterprises in collaborating with each other has led to the further expansion of SMEs.† According to the Malaysian SME Corp website, SMEs are defined by the following features: Manufacturing sector, sales turnover not exceeding RM50 million OR full-time employees not exceeding 200 workers Services and other sectors, sales turnover not exceeding RM20 million OR full-time employees not exceeding 75 workers SMEs are further divided into three different categories as shown in Table 1. SMEs in Malaysia are generally focused in the textile and apparel, food and beverages, metals and metals products and wood and wood products sectors. The majority of manufacturing companies are located in the central parts of Malaysia and around the country’s major industrial regions. Challenges Faced by SMEs in Malaysia According to Muhammad et al., (2010) many previous studies conducted by Saleh and Ndubisi (2006); Samad (2007); Abu Bakar et al. (2006); Aris (2006); Harvie (2004); Wang (2003); Wafa et al. (2005); Ritchie Brindley (2000); Decker et al. (2006) and Foon (2006) various challenges faced SMEs in a globalized environment. The SMEs should mainly concentrate in overcoming the challenges, which include recession, barrier from global sourcing, low productivity, lack of managerial capabilities, and lack of financing, difficulty in accessing management, technology and heavy regulatory burden. In the same way, Teoh and Chong (2008) reasoned that the major hurdles to entrepreneurship development are lack of access to credit, formal business and social networks. Muhammad et al. (2010) identified that the main problems faced by SMEs in Malaysia are the lack of knowledge regarding marketing techniques, branding, customer loyalty and also lack of good contacts with others local and international ent erprises. How the Government is Helping SMEs in Malaysia The Malaysian Government’s commitment to and involvement for the development of SMEs has been palpable since the early 1970s. The ‘New Economic Policy’, which mainly aimed to improve people’s welfare and restructure ethnic economic imbalances, was introduced in 1971. The government’s commitment to the development of SMEs is also evident in the second Industrial Master Plan (IMP2), which is then followed by the Third Industrial Master Plan (IMP3) 2006–2020; to coincide with the country’s vision for 2020.The Malaysian Government has implemented various policies and strategies under these plans. (Saleh et al, 2006) Further understanding the role of SMEs, the government’s commitment towards the development of SMEs was emphasized when the National SME Development Council (NSDC), was established in 2004. This Council embodies the highest-level policy making body to chart the direction and strategies for the development of SMEs. Some of the initiatives announced include the formulation of targeted strategies for the development of SMEs across all sectors; the establishment of a comprehensive National SME database and the expansion of development support programmes and facilities to enhance access to financing and accessibility of markets for export (Bank Negara Malaysia, 2006). The Small and Medium Industries Development Corporation (SMIDEC) was also set up, with the goal of developing capable and resilient Malaysian SMEs to be competitive in the global market. In 2007, the NSDC decided to appoint a single dedicated agency to formulate overall policies. SMIDEC was chosen to tackle this role and was transformed into the Small and Medium Enterprise Corporation Malaysia (SME Corp. Malaysia). SME Corp. Malaysia is now the central point of reference for information and advisory services for all SMEs in Malaysia. (Small and Medium Enterprise Corporation Malaysia, 2014) Saleh et al (2006) have also identified other key areas in which the Malaysian government have been helping SMEs. These areas include: 1. Developing Access to Markets The Malaysian External Trade Development Corporation (MATRADE) facilitates the participation of SMEs at trade fairs and trade exhibitions by financing their participation costs. This gives the SMEs a platform to market and showcase their companies. 2. Upgrading Technology Technology provides SMEs with the opportunity to increase their efficiency and productivity with tools to better manage their business amidst the growing demands of the current market. 3. Promoting the Application of ICT ICT allows effective and speedy communications and can ensure timely responses to market requirements. 4. Research Development (R D) and Innovation A total of RM280million was allocated to the Industry Research and Development Grant Scheme (IGS) and Commercialization of Research and Development Findings (CRDF) schemes under the 8th Malaysian Plan. 5. Productivity and Quality Assistance programs are aimed at encouraging SMEs to acquire quality standards (health, safety, environment and labour) that will assist them to leverage their strengths. 6. Awards and Recognition The government introduced various award programs to acknowledge companies that have attained excellence. Such programs include: The Prime Minister’s Industry Excellence Award Productivity and Quality management Award (PQMA) Enterprise 50 Award (E50) 7. Access to Financing and Grants The government has allocated substantial funds for borrowing by SMEs. 8. Supply of Skilled Labour In regard to SMEs, SME Corp. 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